https://secure.php.net/manual/fr/function.filter-var.php
https://secure.php.net/manual/fr/function.filter-var-array.php
https://php.net/manual/fr/filter.filters.validate.php
https://secure.php.net/manual/fr/filter.filters.sanitize.php
https://secure.php.net/manual/fr/filter.filters.php

$var = filter_var('0755', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, $options);
$var = filter_var('уникум@из.рф', FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
$var = filter_var('oops', FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE);

$data = [ "a" => 42, "b" => "tes%00t", "plop" => "yo"];
$args = [ "a" => FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, "b" => FILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODED];
var_dump(filter_var_array($data, $args));
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